Danielewski’s
work House of Leaves is as much a
work of art and entertainment as it is a novel.
The way in which the pages are laid out brings the story out of the book
and into the reader’s mind as an engaging piece. In this paper I argue that Danielewski
created House of Leaves in such a way
that it would be able to compete with the changing world of entertainment by
incorporating their particular strengths within the book. As technology was advancing film became a
greater form of entertainment than books.
To counter this Danielewski includes many of the distinctive parts of a
film, other than the pictorial representation, that make it stand out from a
book. Instead of stopping at film in
general, he also appears to focus on the forms of entertainment in general that
was present in the 1990’s. By mixing up
the narratives between Johnny, Zampano, and Navidson, he is attempting to
represent a world full of distractions.
Much like an individual can become distracted by a television during
their day to day activities; Danielewski distracts the reader from a narrative by
jumping to another narrator. The
sexually entertaining content of some of Johnny’s narration is also reflexive of
the massive expansion of the porn industry that occurred in the 1990’s.
First,
let’s examine the layout of House of
Leaves and how it incorporates some aspects of film into the book
itself. From pages 275 to 295 during the
rescue scene on the staircase we can really see these ideas coming forth. By only having a paragraph or less per page,
the reader is forced to turn the page to read what happens next. Danielewski is clearly trying to portray
suspenseful scenes in film with these 20 or more pages. Typically in movies the suspenseful scenes
are filled with short pauses between each event that are either completely
quiet or have dramatic music in them.
Forcing the reader to turn a page to read a paragraph at a time is a
realistic way to achieve the same entertaining response from the reader that a
movie viewer experiences. When the staircase scene becomes strange Danielewski
follows up by representing the text in strange ways as well. In a
film the strangeness would be easily observe and the viewer can develop a
response to it readily. Through a reading
that same response becomes difficult to represent. By shifting the words upside-down and
diagonal Danielewski is able to entertain the reader and force the same visual
response of strangeness a viewer experiences during a movie.
Now let’s
examine the layout of the narration in House
of Leaves. I believe Danielewski is
attempting to mimic entertainment in society in the 1990’s through his levels
of narration. Furthermore, I think his
main goal is to represent all the distractions people experience in everyday
life. Our lives are anything but a
linear story being told like a typical book.
There are constant shifts in our focus between work, television, random
thoughts, computers, and a vast number of things. Although much more prominent in today’s
culture than the 1990’s when House of
Leaves was being published, the same idea of distractions persists. To make the novel express this aspect of
society Danielewski shifts narratives at seemingly random points in the
story. In order to create a more
entertaining book he was attempting to go against typical storytelling and write
in a way that was capable of representing society as it was in the 1990’s.
Finally,
let us examine the sexual expressions present in Johnny’s narrative and how it
relates to the entertainment of the time.
According to Eric Schlosser’s contribution to a collaboration source on
the porn industry, “From 1991-1997, the number of new hard-core [pornographic]
titles released each year increased by 500%” (Covenant Eyes 2). Other information from this source including
the estimate the industry profited 8 to 11-billion dollars in 1997 can lead to
a safe conclusion that the porn industry was expanding drastically in the 1990’s. Since the form of entertainment was so
successful during the time House of Leave
was being published it only made sense to include it in some form within the
novel. Danielewski uses Johnny’s narration
to successfully incorporate pornographic entertainment into the story. On pages 262 and 263 we have “Lude’s List”, a
list of sexual encounters he had had with a short, explicit description of the
events that occurred. Previously on
pages 108 and 109 we read of Johnny’s arguably hardcore sexual encounter which
is also described in explicit detail. By
adding these scenes it appears Danielewski is almost acknowledging the success
of the porn industry and uses it as a form of entertainment in House of Leaves.
In
attempt to compete with the different forms of entertainment in the 1990’s Danielewski
incorporates some of their aspects within House
of Leaves. By altering the layout of
the pages and text, representing distractions in society, and adding pornographic
material to book he was agreeing with their successes. Rather than disagreeing with these forms, he includes
their aspect within his novel to show that books can evolve and be as
entertaining and engaging as the new forms developing in society.
References:
Danielewski, Mark Z. House
of Leaves. New York: Pantheon, 2000.
Covenant Eyes. Pornographcy Statistics. Online.
Accessed April 10, 2014. Available: http://www.discernement.com/fichs/10141.pdf
2 comments:
Alec,
Your essay brings up an interesting point about Danielewski's novel that I hadn't thought of before. I like that you relate how he wrote the novel to the time period in which it was written. That is definitely an important aspect to note when examining it over a decade later. If you want to revise this essay for you final, I would recommend adding what else the unique visual aspects of the book do for the story. You explain well how the upside down passages create visual entertainment for the reader, but what else to they represent? Do they reflect what is going on at that point in the story? Also, you could expand your theory about Johnny's sexual encounters and the porn industry in the 90s by discussing the changing ideals of that time and comparing them to our present day ideals. You could do the same for our beliefs about visual entertainment and books. Good luck with your Final Project!
Becca
Your introduction is smart but scattered - not one argument, but several different ideas, some of which required further definitions. Focusing on porn is a fine idea; focusing on how D. distracts the reader is a fine idea, but you're trying to do too much here.
The paragraph on the film-like characteristics of the novel is fine, but abbreviated - maybe this would be better as a primary focus. The 3rd paragraph is a good idea, but you're really not advancing on what you've already said.
Connecting the novel with porn has its obvious advantages, and your research is brief but good. But this isn't yet an argument. How does it help us understand the novel to make the connection to pornography? Can you interpret some of Lude's sections differently, for instance?
Overall: All good ideas, but one would have been much better than 3-4. You're only gesturing at each idea, really - none of them are getting the attention they deserve.
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